The invention of Banking; to assist and enlarge the commerce of mankind, has been happily compared with that of arithmetic to extend and expedite their powers of calculation. The utility, therefore, of Banks to a commercial nation like this, need hardly be descanted upon. They are the channels by which remittances of money are made in every direction throughout the country ; and by which the transactions of all the component parts of the community, infinite as may be the number of their combinations, are balanced and settled between each and all, without the risk, the trouble, or the inconvenience of individual transference. They are the medium through which all bills, when due, are presented ; thus giving to promissory engagements a character which renders them serviceable and negotiable, by affording a necessary focus for the punctuality of their payment. By most classes, moreover, they are preferred as depositaries of money. The merchant and trader, of every description, confide to their keeping such sums as the current demands of their business may require them to possess ; the capitalist not unfrequently lodges larger amounts in their hands, to be available for any investment he may determine upon ; and the landed proprietor deposits with them the ready cash which he may not want for immediate expenditure or use. The floating capital, again, thus placed at their disposal, is capable of being re-advanced to the public on proper securities, assuring facility to the commerce, accommodation to the trade, and support to the industry of the country. Nor is this all : the Country Banks, to which we are specially adverting, are not only the reservoirs of our capital, but the fountains of our currency ; their promissory notes being adopted, to a great extent, as a more convenient substitute for the costly and clumsy circulation of metals.

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